Artificial Intelligence - Robotics || UNIV_TECHS

 



Robotics is a domain in artificial intelligence that deals with the study of creating intelligent and efficient robots.

What are Robots?

Robots are the artificial agents acting in real world environment.

 

Objective:

Robots are aimed at manipulating the objects by perceiving, picking, moving, modifying the physical properties of object, destroying it, or to have an effect thereby freeing manpower from doing repetitive functions without getting bored, distracted, or exhausted.

 

What is Robotics?

Robotics is a branch of AI, which is composed of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Computer Science for designing, construction, and application of robots.

 

Aspects of Robotics

  • The robots have mechanical construction, form, or shape designed to accomplish a particular task.
  • They have electrical components which power and control the machinery.
  • They contain some level of computer program that determines what, when and how a robot does something.


    Robot Locomotion

    Locomotion is the mechanism that makes a robot capable of moving in its environment. There are various types of locomotions −
  • Legged
  • Wheeled
  • Combination of Legged and Wheeled Locomotion
  • Tracked slip/skid

     Components of a Robot

        Robots are constructed with the following −
  • Power Supply − The robots are powered by batteries, solar power, hydraulic, or pneumatic power sources.
  • Actuators − They convert energy into movement.
  • Electric motors (AC/DC) − They are required for rotational movement.
  • Pneumatic Air Muscles − They contract almost 40% when air is sucked in them.
  • Muscle Wires − They contract by 5% when electric current is passed through them.
  • Piezo Motors and Ultrasonic Motors − Best for industrial robots.
  • Sensors − They provide knowledge of real time information on the task environment. Robots are equipped with vision sensors to be to compute the depth in the environment. A tactile sensor imitates the mechanical properties of touch receptors of human fingertips.

    Computer Vision

    This is a technology of AI with which the robots can see. The computer vision plays vital role in the domains of safety, security, health, access, and entertainment.
    Computer vision automatically extracts, analyzes, and comprehends useful information from a single image or an array of images. This process involves development of algorithms to accomplish automatic visual comprehension.

     

    Hardware of Computer Vision System

    This involves −
  • Power supply
  • Image acquisition device such as camera
  • a processor
  • a software
  • A display device for monitoring the system
  • Accessories such as camera stands, cables, and connectors

     Tasks of Computer Vision

  • OCR − In the domain of computers, Optical Character Reader, a software to convert scanned documents into editable text, which accompanies a scanner.
  • Face Detection − Many state-of-the-art cameras come with this feature, which enables to read the face and take the picture of that perfect expression. It is used to let a user access the software on correct match.
  • Object Recognition − They are installed in supermarkets, cameras, high-end cars such as BMW, GM, and Volvo.
  • Estimating Position − It is estimating position of an object with respect to camera as in position of tumor in human’s body.

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